Guides, protocols, and comparisons
Practical reference material for peptide research. We do not offer medical or protocol recommendations — these resources support laboratory and research applications only.
Peptide Dilution Table: Vial Sizes, BAC Water, and U-100 Syringe Units
Reference table mapping common research vial sizes and bacteriostatic water volumes to concentration and U-100 insulin syringe units for typical research doses.
Read articleHow to Reconstitute BPC-157: Step-by-Step Research Protocol
A practical laboratory protocol for reconstituting lyophilized BPC-157 with bacteriostatic water, including dilution math and storage guidance.
Read articleGLP-1 Research Comparison: Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide vs Retatrutide
Mechanism, receptor targets, and research focus areas for the three most-studied incretin receptor compounds in metabolic research.
Read articleBPC-157 vs TB-500: Which Repair Peptide for Your Research?
Side-by-side of two of the most-studied repair peptides — mechanism, half-life, and the research models where each is most relevant.
Read articleHow to Reconstitute Tirzepatide: Lab Protocol with Dilution Math
Reconstitution protocol for lyophilized tirzepatide research vials — materials, dilution math for 10mg / 20mg / 30mg, stability, and storage.
Read articleSelank vs Semax: A Cognitive Research Peptide Comparison
Mechanism, origin, half-life, and primary research models for the two most-studied Russian nootropic peptides — Selank and Semax.
Read articleGHK-Cu Reference Guide: Structure, Stability, and Research Models
Reference overview of GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1) — sequence, copper coordination, stability, solubility, and the research areas where it is most commonly studied.
Read articleHow to Reconstitute Tesamorelin: Lab Protocol with Dilution Math
Reconstitution protocol for lyophilized tesamorelin research vials — materials, dilution math for 5mg / 10mg / 20mg, stability, and storage.
Read articleMOTS-c Reference Guide: Mitochondrial Peptide for Metabolic Research
Reference overview of MOTS-c — origin, mitochondrial encoding, primary research models in metabolic and energy expenditure studies, stability, and reconstitution.
Read articleMelanotan 1 vs Melanotan 2: A Pigmentation Research Comparison
Mechanism, receptor selectivity, half-life, and primary research models for the two most-studied melanocortin analogues — Melanotan I (afamelanotide) and Melanotan II.
Read articleEpithalon Reference Guide: Telomere Biology and Longevity Research
Reference overview of Epithalon (Epitalon) — origin, mechanism, telomerase-related research models, stability, and reconstitution for laboratory research.
Read articleNAD+ Reference Guide: Coenzyme Biology and Longevity Research
Reference overview of NAD+ — biology, mechanism, sirtuin and DNA-repair research models, stability, and reconstitution for laboratory research.
Read articleCagrilintide Reference Guide: Amylin Analog for Metabolic Research
Amylin receptor pharmacology, the CagriSema combination with semaglutide, half-life, and the metabolic research models where cagrilintide is most commonly studied.
Read articleSermorelin vs CJC-1295 vs Ipamorelin: GH Secretagogue Research Comparison
Mechanism, half-life, receptor selectivity, and primary research models for the three most-studied growth hormone secretagogues — sermorelin, CJC-1295 (with and without DAC), and ipamorelin.
Read articleSS-31 Reference Guide: Mitochondria-Targeted Peptide for Cellular Research
Cardiolipin binding mechanism, ETC supercomplex stabilization, oxidative stress research models, and how SS-31 differs from mitochondrial-encoded peptides like MOTS-c.
Read article5-Amino-1MQ Reference Guide: NNMT Inhibition and Metabolic Research
First-in-class NNMT inhibitor mechanism, NAD+ salvage and SAM methyl-donor biology, adipocyte and aging research models, and pairing with NAD+ precursor research.
Read articleDSIP Sleep Research Overview: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide and Slow-Wave Activity
Discovery history, sequence, slow-wave activity research models, the still-unresolved receptor question, and how DSIP fits among other sleep-modulating research tools.
Read articlePT-141 Reference Guide: Bremelanotide and Melanocortin Receptor Research
Melanocortin receptor pharmacology, the derivation from melanotan-II, central nervous system research models, and how PT-141 differs from pigmentation-focused melanocortin analogues.
Read articleGlutathione Reference Guide: Tripeptide Redox Biology and Research Models
Structure, the GSH:GSSG redox couple, oxidative-stress and detoxification research models, and how glutathione differs from mitochondria-targeted redox compounds.
Read articleKPV Reference Guide: α-MSH C-Terminal Tripeptide and Inflammation Research
C-terminal α-MSH fragment biology, melanocortin-receptor-independent anti-inflammatory mechanism, mucosal and mast-cell research models, and how KPV fits among repair-peptide tools.
Read articleGLOW Blend Overview: Combination Skin and Repair Peptide Research
Rationale for combining repair peptides in a single lyophilized vial, the constituent peptide categories typically represented, and research design considerations for blend formulations.
Read articleKLOW Blend Overview: Extended Repair Peptide Research Combinations
Rationale for adding an anti-inflammatory tripeptide arm to a GLOW-style copper-and-repair core, constituent compounds, and research design considerations for extended repair blends.
Read articleGHK-Cu vs AHK-Cu: Copper Tripeptide Research Comparison
Sequence, copper coordination, dermal matrix versus hair-follicle research models, and how to choose between the two most-studied copper-binding tripeptides.
Read articlePT-141 vs Melanotan 2: Central versus Peripheral Melanocortin Research
Receptor profile, pigmentation versus central activity, derivation history, and how to choose between the two melanocortin agonists in CNS or pigmentation research.
Read articleMOTS-c vs SS-31: Mitochondrial Peptide Research Comparison
Mitokine signaling versus inner-membrane structural stabilization — origin, mechanism class, primary research models, and how to choose between two compounds often grouped as mitochondrial peptides.
Read articleNAD+ vs 5-Amino-1MQ: Two Approaches to NAD Pool Research
Direct cofactor supply versus NNMT inhibition — mechanism, methyl-donor sparing, tissue specificity, and how to design research that uses one, the other, or both in combination.
Read articleFor Research Use Only. Information presented for laboratory and research applications. Not medical advice. Not a substitute for qualified scientific judgment.